Journey into Serenity: Exploring the Illukthenna Buddhist Monastery, Sri Lanka

by Dananjaya, posted in adventure, Biodiversity

By Jeevan Dananjaya #speedbirdsadventures

Deep inside the lush rainforest landscape of the Matara District lies a truly magical and
peaceful sanctuary: the Illukthenna Buddhist Monastery. Tucked away from the modern
world, this hidden haven offers an unforgettable journey into quiet wilderness and
profound spiritual heritage.

(Click the link below to watch the documentary of “Ilukthenna Forest Monastery, Sri Lanka”, in Speed Birds Adventures Channel).

Stepping into the Wilderness of Panilkanda

The adventure begins at the notice board of the Panilkanda Forest Reserve, located roughly 25
kilometers away from the bustling town of Deniyaya. As step onto the trail, the cool mountain air and the symphony of nature immediately welcome us into a profound wilderness. The beginning of the trail guides us through a magnificent pine plantation established during the colonial period, now proudly protected and maintained by the Forest Department of Sri Lanka. The towering pine trees create a distinctive, majestic atmosphere, while the gentle breeze flowing through the upper canopy delivers an instant sense of refreshment.

Enveloped completely by dense rainforest, this monastery serves as an ultimate sanctuary for meditation and spiritual relaxation. The silence here is remarkable, broken only by the gentle murmurs of birdsong echoing across the rainforest canopy.

Sacred Architecture

At the entrance, a graceful stone stairway guides visitors toward a modest shrine housing a serene
Buddha statue. As ascend the steps, the palpable serenity of the site embraces us. Close by, a
natural rock cave has been thoughtfully transformed into a meditation chamber, providing a secluded space for monks seeking deep mindfulness within the heart of the forest.

One of the most striking details discovered along the entrance stairway is an ancient-style moonstone. Its intricate, traditional design anchors the site in Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist artistic heritage.

Stepping further into the garden surrounding the statue house, we encounter a remarkable sight: a gorgeous circular artwork meticulously crafted on the sand by a resident monk. Featuring delicate flower petals, precise geometric circles, and flowing abstract lines, its exact symbolism remains poetic and open, perhaps echoing the endless cycle of “Sansara” described in Buddhist teachings. The artwork’s simple, transient elegance mirrors the tranquil essence of the monastery itself.

Biodiversity and Sacred Grounds

Continuing the expedition deeper into the forest via a stone-paved footpath, we pass several small,
secluded meditation huts nestled quietly among the trees. These humble dwellings offer monks a
peaceful retreat far removed from worldly distractions. This tropical rainforest ecosystem teems with incredible biodiversity. Along the path, vibrant wildflowers, towering ancient trees, moss-draped rocks, delicate ferns, and lush understory vegetation thrive under a cool, shaded canopy.

Further along our ascent, we reach one of the most spiritually charged locations in the monastery: the Bodhigara. Here, a majestic sacred Bo tree (Ficus religiosa) stands tall, providing a tranquil canopy of deep shade that invites profound inner stillness. Nearby, a distinctive small stupa rises on elevated ground. Featuring a unique circular halo structure, visitors can walk inside to view a dedicated Buddha statue. Because of its elevated perch, this stupa can even be glimpsed from afar through breaks in the surrounding emerald forest canopy.

A Must-Visit Destination Near Sinharaja

As our journey concludes near the outer boundaries of the monastery, we pause to absorb the rich
tropical atmosphere where vibrant ecology and ancient spirituality coexist in flawless harmony. If your travels ever bring you near the world-famous Sinharaja Forest Reserve close to Deniyaya, be sure to carve out time for the Illukthenna Buddhist Monastery. It is an extraordinary hidden treasure where you can experience both the pristine beauty of Sri Lanka’s rainforests and the enduring peace of its meditative tradition.

Aberdeen Waterfall, Sri Lanka: A Journey Through Nature and Mountain Beauty

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

By Jeevan Dananjaya

Sri Lanka is blessed with countless waterfalls, but few offer the combination of natural beauty, rainforest biodiversity, and peaceful mountain scenery found at Aberdeen Waterfall. Located near Ginigathhena in Sri Lanka’s Central Highlands, this spectacular waterfall is an ideal destination for nature lovers and adventurous travellers seeking an authentic ecotourism experience.

The Journey Begins in Ginigathhena

My solo adventure begins in the beautiful town of Ginigathhena, surrounded by the misty mountains of Sri Lanka’s wet zone. From here, I ride through a scenic mountain landscape where streams descend from the Seven Virgins Mountain Range, associated with the Peak Wilderness landscape.

The journey itself is part of the adventure. Mountain slopes covered with forests, flowing streams and scattered villages create a peaceful environment that feels far removed from busy city life.

Along the way, I pass through traditional Sri Lankan villages surrounded by fascinating home garden ecosystems. These gardens are not simply places where people grow food; they are diverse, multi-layered agricultural ecosystems containing arecanut, jackfruit, kithul, pepper, avocado, banana and many other tropical plants.

I even spot a large jackfruit tree heavily loaded with fruits. Young jackfruit is commonly used in Sri Lankan cooking, while ripe jackfruit is enjoyed as a delicious tropical fruit. Small streams flowing down from the surrounding forests provide freshwater for local communities and add to the peaceful character of the landscape.

Entering the Forest

Eventually, I reach the parking area near the beginning of the footpath to Aberdeen Waterfall. After parking my bike, I start walking along a well-maintained trail through home gardens. Gradually, the landscape changes. The cultivated gardens give way to lush tropical vegetation, and the sounds of village life become quieter. I begin entering a more natural forest environment.

The trail crosses several clear streams, while the dense vegetation creates a cool and refreshing atmosphere. The surrounding forest provides habitat for many species of plants, birds, insects and other wildlife. For me, one of the most enjoyable parts of this hike is simply walking slowly and observing the living world around me.

A Birdwatcher’s Paradise

The forest around Aberdeen is particularly interesting for bird lovers. During my hike, I encounter several fascinating species, including the Yellow-fronted Barbet, Black-hooded Oriole, Hill Myna, Black Bulbul, Sri Lanka Orange-billed Babbler, Dark-fronted Babbler, and the impressive Crested Serpent Eagle.

These encounters demonstrate the importance of forest habitats for Sri Lanka’s birdlife. Because the area remains relatively natural, visitors may experience the forest not only through what they see, but also through its sounds—the calls of birds, flowing streams, rustling leaves and distant wildlife.

Experiences like this are an important part of responsible ecotourism. Visiting less-developed destinations can provide opportunities for local communities to benefit from tourism while allowing travellers to experience local hospitality and rural life.

The Spectacular Aberdeen Waterfall

After continuing through the dense rainforest for about another thirty minutes, I finally reach the waterfall viewpoint. Aberdeen Waterfall is approximately 98 metres high, cascading dramatically through the forest. The waterfall is associated with the Kehelgamu Oya, an important tributary of the Kelani River.

Surrounded by dense greenery, rocks and flowing water, the waterfall creates an unforgettable mountain landscape. The combination of the tall cascade, natural pool and unusual rock formations makes Aberdeen one of Sri Lanka’s most scenic waterfalls. The sound of the falling water echoes through the forest, creating an atmosphere that is both powerful and peaceful.

However, the natural pool can be extremely dangerous. Swimming should not be attempted, particularly because of the depth, currents and unpredictable conditions around the waterfall. Visitors should also follow local safety instructions and avoid entering restricted or hazardous areas.

It was a journey through an entire landscape—from mountain streams and rural villages to traditional home gardens, tropical forests and finally a spectacular waterfall hidden among the hills. This is what makes ecotourism so valuable. When we travel responsibly, we can appreciate nature while also supporting local communities and encouraging the protection of important ecosystems.

By Jeevan Dananjaya

Gongala Mountain, Sri Lanka: A Hidden Highland of Sinharaja

by Dananjaya, posted in adventure, Biodiversity, Mountain Hike

Gongala Mountain is one of Sri Lanka’s lesser-known highland destinations, offering a remarkable combination of rainforest, cloud forest, freshwater streams, endemic species, and breathtaking mountain scenery. Located in the wet-zone highlands of southern Sri Lanka, around the Deniyaya–Rakwana region, Gongala is close to the boundary between the Sabaragamuwa and Southern Provinces.

My solo hike to Gongala was more than simply climbing a mountain. It was an opportunity to experience a remarkable forest ecosystem and discover the incredible biodiversity of Sri Lanka’s wet zone.

(Click the link below to watch the documentary of “Solo hike to Gongala Mountain, Sri Lanka”, in Speed Birds Adventures Channel).

From Hayes Tea Estate to the Forest

My journey begins at the beautiful Hayes Tea Estate, which borders the magnificent Sinharaja Rainforest. Sinharaja is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, designated under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1978.

The forested lower slopes of Gongala are ecologically connected with the wider Sinharaja landscape. These connections are important because they provide natural corridors through which wildlife can move between forest habitats. Unlike many famous mountains in Sri Lanka, Gongala remains relatively quiet and receives fewer visitors. This relative isolation has helped preserve much of its natural character.

A Mountain Rich in Biodiversity

As I leave the tea estate and enter the forest, the environment changes immediately. Sri Lanka is a global biodiversity hotspot, and its wet-zone forests contain an extraordinary number of species found nowhere else on Earth. The open plantation landscape gives way to a darker, cooler world filled with trees, vines, ferns, mosses, herbs and shrubs.

There is an important consideration for anyone planning this hike. A Sri Lanka Navy communications installation operates near the upper approach, and part of the final route passes through a restricted area administered by the Navy. Visitors must obtain prior written permission from the relevant naval authority before entering the restricted section. For my hike, once the required permission was granted, the forest trek began from the point where the road ended. From there, it was approximately two kilometres of walking through dense forest toward the summit.

The forest understory is particularly fascinating. Many plants found here are endemic to Sri Lanka, while others provide food and shelter for birds, butterflies, amphibians, reptiles and countless insects. A rainforest is made up of many layers. Tall trees form the canopy, smaller trees and shrubs occupy the middle layers, while ferns, herbs, mosses and seedlings cover the forest floor. Climbers and epiphytes grow on trees, creating a complex habitat where thousands of organisms can live together.

Entering the Cloud Forest

As the trail climbs higher, the forest becomes cooler, wetter and increasingly misty. The vegetation gradually changes toward a montane or cloud-forest environment. Here, trees become twisted and gnarled, while mosses, lichens and epiphytes cover branches and trunks. Orchids, ferns and other plants can create miniature ecosystems high above the forest floor.

These changing conditions demonstrate how elevation influences biodiversity. Differences in temperature, humidity, light and soil create different habitats within a relatively small area. The forest is also home to many birds, butterflies and amphibians associated with Sri Lanka’s wet-zone ecosystems. Even when larger animals remain hidden, the forest is alive with birdsong, insects, frogs and countless tiny organisms.

After around thirty minutes of walking, I reach a beautiful freshwater stream originating from the Gongala forests. These streams contribute to the upper catchment of the Gin River, or Ging Ganga, an important river system in Sri Lanka’s Southern Province. During wetter periods, small cascades and seasonal waterfalls can appear throughout the forest. This reminds us that mountain forests are not only homes for wildlife—they are also vital water sources for downstream ecosystems and communities.

Reaching the Summit

After around two hours of trekking, the forest began to open and the cool mountain air became more noticeable.

Finally, I reached the summit of Gongala. A massive rock formation rises above the surrounding forest, giving the mountain its distinctive character. The name Gongala is traditionally associated with the shape of this rock, which is said to resemble a boulder balanced on the head of a bull.

Standing at the summit, surrounded by mist, forest and silence, I realized that Gongala is much more than another mountain to climb. Its importance lies in the entire ecosystem—the rainforest, cloud forest, freshwater streams, endemic plants, birds, butterflies, amphibians and countless other organisms that depend on these habitats.

My solo hike was therefore not simply about reaching the summit. It was about discovering the remarkable natural world along the way. Gongala may not be as famous as Sri Lanka’s popular mountain destinations, but its quiet trails, rich biodiversity and spectacular scenery make it a truly special place.

Gongala is a mountain worth protecting—not only for its breathtaking views, but for the forests, water, plants and wildlife that make this landscape one of Sri Lanka’s natural treasures. If you enjoyed this journey, follow Speed Birds Adventures Channel for more hiking, nature, wildlife and exploration stories from Sri Lanka.

Article by Jeevan Dananjaya

Hidden Route to Adam’s Peak: Epic Hike via Sandagalathenna – Rajamale Trail Sri Lanka

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

By Jeevan Dananjaya #speedbirdsadventures

(Click the link at the end of this article to watch the documentary of Epic Hike to Adam’s Peak via Sandagalathenna – Rajamale, in Speed Birds Adventures Channel).

It is another cold morning here in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka, and today we are heading towards one of the most holy mountains in the country… the legendary Adam’s Peak.

We started our journey early in the morning, driving along the beautiful Hatton–Maskeliya Road towards Nallathanniya. Around 7.00 AM, we reached the Nallathanniya junction and turned left onto a narrow winding road leading through the breathtaking Moray Tea Estate.

The tea fields spread across the mountains like a giant green carpet. Tea pluckers are already busy harvesting tender tea shoots while the cold mist slowly drifts across the hills. On our way, we pass eucalyptus patches, forest blocks, and stunning mountain scenery that truly captures the beauty of Sri Lanka’s central highlands.

Finally, we arrive at the far end of the Rajamale Division of Moray Estate and park our vehicle near a small Hindu temple. From here… the real adventure begins.

With our backpacks ready, we start walking through the tea fields for a few minutes until we reach a small junction. We take the footpath on the right-hand side and continue climbing gradually uphill.

After around ten minutes, we finally reach the boundary between the tea plantation and the natural montane forest of the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. This is the true entrance to the wild ecosystem.

There is an information board placed here by the Department of Wildlife Conservation explaining the importance of protecting this precious rainforest. Unfortunately, many pilgrims have tied branches onto the notice board as part of a traditional belief. But as nature lovers, we believe protecting the forest itself is the greatest respect we can give to this holy place.

And now… once we enter the forest, everything changes instantly. The cool air becomes more humid. The view of the tea estate disappear, replaced by birdsong, flowing water, and the whispering wind through the trees.

We stop beside a crystal-clear stream to refill our water bottles with fresh mountain water before continuing deeper into the forest.

This trail is absolutely beautiful. We can observe native montane forest plants, giant lianas, understory vegetation, moss-covered tree trunks, lichens, orchids, and ferns growing everywhere due to the humid climate. Every step feels like walking through a hidden world untouched by time.

Along the trail, we meet a few Buddhist monks descending from the mountain. Unlike the main pilgrimage route, this path is quiet, less crowded, and completely surrounded by nature. After nearly three hours of climbing, we finally reach an open rocky plateau called Sandagalathenna

Panoramic view of Adam’s Peak at Sandagalathenna

For the first time today, we can clearly see Adam’s Peak rising above the clouds. This rocky grassland is exposed to strong winds, so only short grasses survive here. We take a short rest, enjoy some snacks, and spend time admiring the ever-changing scenery as clouds drift across the sacred mountain.

After our break, we continue ascending once again through the montane forest. Now the trees become shorter and heavily shaped by the strong mountain winds. Many tree trunks are twisted and bent, creating umbrella-shaped canopies across the trail. The climb becomes steeper and more challenging from here.

After another hour of hiking, we finally connect with the famous Hatton–Nallathanniya pilgrimage route at Mahagiridambaya. From this point onward, we climb the well-maintained stairway leading toward the summit.

As we continue higher, we are rewarded with stunning panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and forests of the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary.

On the way, we also observe an ancient footpath revealed inside the jungle after landslides caused during the Ditwah Cyclone period in November 2025. It is incredible evidence showing that people have been climbing this holy mountain through these forests for many decades, perhaps even centuries.

And finally… After nearly five hours of hiking from Moray Estate, we successfully reach the summit of Adam’s Peak.

Standing here among thousands of pilgrims, surrounded by clouds and mountains, truly feels unforgettable. This is not just a hike… it is a spiritual journey through nature, history, and culture.

The Alien Mountain “Danigala” in Sri Lanka: Exploring a Mysterious Rock and Ancient Stargate Legends

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

By Jeevan Dananjaya

(Click the link at the end of this article to watch the documentary of “Danigala” the Alien Mountain, in Speed Birds Adventures Channel).

Located about 27 kilometers from Maha Oya town along the Manampitiya road, Danigala Rock rises from the Kandegama area as a mysterious natural formation. Also known as the “Alien Mountain” and the “Stargate of King Ravana,” this unique horseshoe-shaped inselberg has been formed over centuries through natural erosion and geological processes. While its unusual shape and scenic beauty attract nature lovers, it is the stories and legends surrounding the rock, especially those linked to extraterrestrial activity that have captured the imagination of many visitors.

Aerial view of Danigala Mountain

A Trek into Nature and History

Representing the Speed Birds Adventures team, I joined Vinoda and Janith for an exciting hike to Danigala Mountain. We began our journey early in the morning by arriving at Kandegama Rajamaha Viharaya. After meeting the Chief Monk and obtaining permission, we prepared for the climb.

The trek to the summit starts from the temple and usually takes about an hour to ascend. The trail is considered moderate to challenging, so it is recommended to go with a local guide, especially for first-time visitors. Arrangements for a guide can be made through the temple.

Team members of Speed Birds Adventures

As we made our way up, we came across a large drip-ledged cave and a reclining Buddha statue. These features highlight the historical and spiritual importance of Danigala long before modern myths became popular. The caves along the mountain slopes clearly show evidence of use by Buddhist monks for meditation. Man-made drip ledges and ancient Brahmi inscriptions, dating back to around the 2nd century BCE, can still be seen today.

Some of these inscriptions mention King Saddatissa and his son, as well as the names of donors who supported the monastic community. These discoveries confirm that Danigala was once an important religious site in ancient Sri Lanka.

An ancient cave

Reaching the Summit

After a steep and sometimes challenging climb, we finally reached the summit. The effort was truly worth it. From the top, we were rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views of untouched forests and the surrounding wilderness. The peaceful atmosphere and natural beauty make it a perfect place for reflection and appreciation of nature.

The summit itself is a wide, flat plateau. One of its most unusual features is the contrast between the outer edge and the center. The curved outer rim of the rock is mostly bare, with very little vegetation, while the central area is covered with greenery. This unique pattern has led to many theories and stories among locals and visitors.

The area is also known to be visited by wild elephants from nearby forests, adding another layer of excitement and caution for those exploring the region.

View of dry zone forest

Legends of Aliens and Ancient Technology

Danigala has earned the nickname “Alien Mountain” due to the many mysterious stories connected to it. Some people believe that the bare strip along the summit and the perfectly curved shape of the rock are not natural. These unusual features have led to claims that the site may have been used by extraterrestrial beings.

At the summit of Danigala Mountain

Local residents often report seeing strange lights in the night sky around Danigala. These lights are said to hover above the mountain or move between nearby peaks, further fueling the idea of alien activity.

In addition to these modern stories, Danigala is also linked to ancient legends. Some believe that it may have been a landing site for King Ravana’s flying machine, known as the Dandumonara or Pushpaka Vimana, mentioned in the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. These stories have added to the belief that Danigala could have once been a gateway to other worlds.

The Ancient Petroglyphs

A few minutes’ walk to the north of the summit leads to one of the most fascinating features of Danigala—an ancient cave known as Chithra Lena. Inside this cave, researchers have discovered a well-preserved panel of petroglyphs carved into the rock.

The carvings, found mainly on the left wall of a narrow rock passage, cover an area of about 25 feet by 16 feet. The passage itself is formed by two granite walls standing very close together, with large boulders above creating a natural roof. This structure has helped protect the carvings from weather damage over time.

The Ancient Petroglyphs

The petroglyphs include a wide range of symbols and figures, such as human-like shapes, birds, plants, and tools like bows and arrows. There are also geometric patterns and unique markings that some researchers describe as “bind code” symbols.

Some experts believe that these symbols may have been used as early counting systems or even as records of astronomical observations. If true, this would indicate a high level of knowledge and understanding among the people who once lived or meditated in this area.

We spent more than four hours exploring the archaeological and natural features of Danigala Mountain. From its historical caves and ancient inscriptions to its mysterious legends and stunning views, the site offers a unique experience for both nature lovers and history enthusiasts.

Danigala is truly a remarkable destination that combines natural beauty, cultural heritage, and fascinating stories. Visitors are encouraged to explore this special place, but it is equally important to protect and preserve its environment for future generations.

As interest in Danigala continues to grow, responsible tourism will play a key role in ensuring that this unique landmark remains unspoiled and continues to inspire wonder for years to come.

Watch out Danigala Documentary in Speed Birds Adventures Channel for more information.

Haritha Kanda: Sri Lanka’s Green Mountain above the Tea Valleys

by Dananjaya, posted in adventure, Biodiversity, Mountain Hike

By Jeevan Dananjaya

Nestled within the lush highlands of Sri Lanka, Haritha Kanda, meaning The Green Mountain, is fast becoming a must-visit destination for hiking enthusiasts and nature lovers. Rising to an elevation of approximately 1,800 meters, this striking peak sits between the scenic plains of Agarapathana and Bopaththalawa, offering breathtaking views and a truly immersive experience in Sri Lanka’s mountain ecosystem.

The summit of Haritha Kanda

The journey to Haritha Kanda begins in the world-renowned tea-growing region of Bogawanthalawa, often referred to as the “Golden Valley of Tea.” This area is famous for producing high-quality Ceylon tea, and its rolling hills are blanketed with vibrant green plantations. The valley is also part of the iconic Pekoe Trail, making it a hub for trekking and outdoor exploration.

There are two main routes to reach Haritha Kanda from Colombo. The first route travels through Hatton, Norwood, and Bogawanthalawa before reaching Bogawana Tea Estate. The second route passes through Hatton, Talawakelle, and Agarapathana before arriving at Bopaththalawa Farm. Both routes offer scenic drives through misty mountains and endless tea fields, setting the tone for the adventure ahead.

Panoramic view of the valley from the summit

Our journey began early in the morning from the Theresia Tea Estate in Bogawanthalawa. Along with my friend Chandana Weerasekara, we walked through the tranquil tea gardens for nearly an hour. The cool morning air, combined with the rhythmic pattern of tea bushes stretching across the hills, created a peaceful start to our hike.

Reaching the starting point near the Lynsted Bungalow of Bogawana Tea Estate, we began our ascent. The trail initially winds through tea fields before transitioning into a rocky path covered with moss, grasses, and delicate wildflowers. After about 30 minutes of climbing, we arrived at a beautiful grassland plateau, a landscape reminiscent of the nearby Horton Plains National Park, known for its unique wet grassland ecosystem.

On the way to summit

From this junction, a trail leads toward Bopaththalawa Farm, while another steeper path ascends Haritha Kanda. Taking a short rest, we admired the panoramic views of the surrounding grasslands, with clouds slowly drifting over the mountain peaks. Although the sky was mostly clear, the summit of Haritha Kanda remained hidden beneath a blanket of mist.

Continuing our climb, the terrain became increasingly steep. The trail led us across several slippery rock surfaces, requiring careful footing, especially during wet conditions. The landscape was alive with vibrant wildflowers emerging from the grasslands, adding splashes of color to the green surroundings. Looking down, the valley unfolded in spectacular fashion, revealing the vast tea estates and distant mountain ridges.

Exacum spp.
Satyrium nepalense

As we approached the summit, the weather took a dramatic turn. A light drizzle quickly intensified into heavy rain, accompanied by strong winds. The rocky surface became dangerously slippery, and we had to take extra precautions to maintain our balance. At the summit, visibility was almost zero due to thick mist, forcing us to wait patiently for the weather to clear.

After about 30 minutes, the rain subsided and the clouds gradually parted, revealing one of the most breathtaking views imaginable. To the east, the expansive lands of Bopaththalawa Farm stretched into the distance, with the iconic plateau of Horton Plains visible far beyond. To the right, the charming town of Bogawanthalawa appeared nestled among the rolling tea hills. The panoramic view from the summit of Haritha Kanda was nothing short of magical, a reward well worth the challenging climb.

For those interested in camping, Haritha Kanda offers several scenic campsites accessible from both the Bogawanthalawa and Bopaththalawa sides. Each location provides a unique experience, from sheltered spots near tea estates to open grassland areas with uninterrupted views of the horizon. However, hikers are strongly encouraged to plan responsibly and respect the fragile ecosystem.

As tourism to lesser-known destinations like Haritha Kanda continues to grow, conservation becomes increasingly important. Visitors are urged not to leave behind any waste and to protect the delicate balance of this natural environment. Preserving these landscapes ensures that future generations can also experience the beauty of Sri Lanka’s highlands.

Haritha Kanda is more than just a hike, it is a journey through some of Sri Lanka’s most stunning and untouched landscapes. From the emerald tea valleys of Bogawanthalawa to the misty grasslands near the summit, every step offers a new perspective and a deeper connection with nature.

For a full visual experience of this adventure, viewers can explore the Haritha Kanda documentary on the Speed Birds Adventures YouTube channel, capturing every moment of this unforgettable journey into Sri Lanka’s Green Mountain.

Dehenakanda-Mukkuwatta Route to Adam’s Peak Sri Lanka – Jungle Trek & Camping Adventure

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

Welcome to another unforgettable adventure in the heart of Sri Lanka! Join Speed Birds Adventures as we take you on a breathtaking journey through the lesser-known Dehenakanda–Mukkuwatta route to the sacred Adam’s Peak.

Our journey begins at 7 AM from the misty Hapugastenna Estate in Ratnapura, where cool mountain air and light drizzle set the perfect mood for adventure. With backpacks ready and spirits high, our team—Vinoda, Buddika, Shaminda, Janith, and myself—steps into a world of lush tea plantations, serene landscapes, and untouched wilderness.

As the morning mist slowly clears, stunning views unfold around us, accompanied by the soothing sounds of birds. Reaching a small Buddhist shrine marks the gateway to the forest, leading us into the protected Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve. Here, nature thrives under strict conservation, reminding us of the importance of preserving this biodiversity-rich ecosystem.

Our first challenge is crossing the slippery Rat Ganga, a tributary of the Kalu River. As we ascend into the dense tropical rainforest, the drizzle enhances the magical atmosphere. Along the way, we encounter beautiful streams like Wewal Dola, surrounded by bamboo, and take short breaks to absorb the tranquil surroundings.

Deeper into the forest, we reach the small yet fascinating Welkara Cave before beginning the demanding climb up Ratkanda. This steep ascent tests our endurance, but the vibrant rainforest filled with Calophyllum and Syzygium trees keeps us motivated. After hours of hiking, we arrive at Boti Dola, where we pause for a refreshing break.

By midday, we finally reach the stunning Paradise Falls, our campsite for Day 1. Surrounded by lush greenery and the calming sound of cascading water, this hidden gem offers the perfect place to relax. As rain gently falls on our tents, the cool mountain climate creates an unforgettable camping experience.

On Day 2, we continue through montane forests, passing Aggala Dola before tackling a steep climb to Ehala Kanuwa, where we join the Ratnapura route. From there, we complete our spiritual and physical journey to Adam’s Peak.

Experience raw wilderness, hidden trails, and true adventure—watch the full documentary now on Speed Birds Adventures!

By Jeevan Dananjaya

Another leopard rescued…..

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

A leopard trapped in a snare at Kotiyagala Estate, Bogawanthalawa rescued and released to a natural habitat, today. Friends of Horton Plains was informed this incidence by the community group and we informed officials of Dept. of Wildlife Conservation, immediately.

Mr. Mihiraj Samaraweera, Senior Manager, Kotiyagala Estate, Bogawanthalawa and the management of Kotiyagala Estate were actively involved to control the community and keep people away from the trapped leopard, till officers of DWLC reach. Due to the commitment of Management of the estate, the leopard was rescued and released to suitable natural habitat by team of DWLC.

Friends of Horton Plains highly appreciate the leopard rescue mission led by Mr. Mihiraj Samaraweera, Senior Manager and Vice President of Friends of Horton Plains and following persons Mr. Rehan Madena, Snr. Asst. Manager, Mr. Amila Jayaweera, Asst. Manager, Mr. K. Kannadasan, Field Officer Chapelton Division, Trade Union leaders, Volunteer team and workers of Kotiyagala Estate and Mr. Damiyan, Group leader of Youth Ambassadors program, Bogawanthalawa Estate.

Way forward: Protection of Sri Lankan leopards in tea plantation ecosystem

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

The Sri Lankan leopard and human have coexisted in the Central Highland for a longer period but incidences between leopard and human were less. However, in the last two decades, anthropogenic activities and the behavior of humans have had a negative impact on the leopard population in the hill country. The mortality of hill country leopards has increased due to illegal activities in tea plantation ecosystem.

Recently, within three days, a leopard was rescued while one died in the tea plantation ecosystem, Central Highland, Sri Lanka. Former leopard was trapped in a house at Logi Estate, Talawakelle and rescued by the team of Department of Wildlife Conservation on 5th August, 2022 and released to natural habitat. The owner of the house and neighbors were appreciated by the general public due to their cooperation shown with relevant authorities.

A leopard trapped in a house rescued

Another Sri Lankan leopard had been trapped in a snare on 7th August 2022 near Hatton. Then, the leopard climbed a Gravillia tree along with a trapped cable and hung on a branch.  Unfortunately, after a couple of hours, the leopard died.

Based on prolonged observation done by Friends of Horton Plains, a non-profit organization, many human-leopard incidences have been recorded. These incidents resulted higher mortality percentage of Sri Lankan leopards due to illegal trapping, snares and poison baiting. In addition to several awareness programs to estate community,

 In addition to several community based awareness programs, another webinar was jointly organized by the FOHP and ASLM to management of tea estates on 15th August, 2022. During the webinar, resource person Mr. Rukshan Jayawardene, a founding trustee at the Leopard Trust, explained the behavior of leopards in high altitude and the importance of an apex predator to smooth functioning of the ecosystem.

During the discussion, Mr. Rajika Gamage, FOHP explained the effectiveness of recently concluded Phase I of “Misty Hills – Youth ambassador programs” conducted by Friends of Horton Plains. These programs were facilitated by Alliance for Sustainable Landscape Management (ASLM) and Rainforest Alliance. Several Estate Managers including Hatton Plantations, Bogawanthalawa Plantations, Mathurata Plantations and Kelani Valley Plantations explained the conservation activities conducted by trained youth groups in their estates. Mr. Dasun Jayasinghe, Standard & Assurance Consultant for South Asia, Rainforest Alliance, pointed out the importance of community empowerment through awareness programs to mitigate such encounters.

Mr. S. Nandakumar, President FOHP discussed the removal of snares followed by successful awareness programs in Thangakelle Estate to reduce human-leopard incidences. The importance of supplying electric fencing to farmers was pointed out by Mr. Mahendra Prasad Pieris. Mr. Giri Kadurgamuwa,  ASLM thanked to FOHP to conducted such important awareness programs. All participants were requested to conduct conservation activities such as removal of snares, stop hunting etc. at their estates. 

Sri Lanka Leopard Day 2022 – A snapshot of community based leopard conservation approach

by Dananjaya, posted in Biodiversity

Today 1st August, 2022, Sri Lanka will celebrate its first national day of the Sri Lankan leopard. It was declared based on a proposal put forward by the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society (WNPS), Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan leopard subspecies (Panthera pardus kotiya), up until 2020, was an endangered species. In 2020, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) declared present status as “vulnerable” on their international Red List of Threatened Species.

Foot-print of leopard. Pic taken by Rajika Gamage

Many areas inhabited by leopards both in wet and dry areas of Sri Lanka. Recent observations revealed that the leopards use a range of landscapes in Central Highlands, Sri Lanka including regenerating forests, tea plantations and other areas in close proximity to human settlements. As human populations continue to increase and reduction of natural habitats in hill country, the incidences of human-leopard encounters have been increased in recent past. Due to lack of awareness of the behavior of leopard in hill country, these incidences lead to conflicts.

Carcass of lapboard

With prolong observation of leopard killing in Central Highlands; the environment association named “Friends of Horton Plains (FOHP)” conducted several community based awareness programs during last couple of years. A brain-storming session was organized by the FOHP collaboration with Department of Wildlife Conservation and Wildlife & Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka on 16th May 2018. During the meeting, several key decisions were taken for future activities of leopard conservation in Central Highland landscape.

Community awareness programs conducted by Rajika Gamage, FOHP

Friends of Horton Plains organized online lecture series conducted by Mr. Rukshan Jayawardene, under the theme of “Human-leopard co-existence in the tea landscape in Central Highland, Sri Lanka” in 2020. Based on the outcomes of the lecture series, the association formed several community youth groups in hill country tea estates. Selected youth groups were empowered through awareness programs to conserve this important large carnivore in Human dominated tea landscape.

Field activities conducted by Rajika Gamage, FOHP

The association successfully concluded Environmental Stewardship community program named “Misty Hills – Youth Ambassador Program” partnership with Alliance for Sustainable Landscape Management during year 2021 and 2022. FOHP trained total of 250 youths from selected youth groups as “Young Naturalists” along with officials of tea estates in six different regions in Central Highland, Sri Lanka. It is observed that, with the success of the community based awareness programs, the incidences of leopard killing in tea landscape in Central Highlands has been greatly reduced.

Field activities conducted by Rajika Gamage